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Pixel aspect ratio (often abbreviated PAR) is a mathematical ratio that describes how the width of a pixel in a digital image compares to the height of that pixel. Most digital imaging systems display an image as a grid of tiny, square pixels. However, some imaging systems, especially those that must be compatible with standard-definition television motion pictures, display an image as a grid of rectangular pixels, in which the pixel width and height are different. Pixel Aspect Ratio describes this difference. Use of pixel aspect ratio mostly involves pictures pertaining to standard-definition television and some other exceptional cases. Most other imaging systems, including those that comply with SMPTE standards and practices, use square pixels. == Introduction == The ratio of the width to the height of an image is known as the aspect ratio, or more precisely the Display Aspect Ratio (DAR) – the aspect ratio of the image ''as displayed;'' for TV, DAR was traditionally 4:3 (a.k.a. Fullscreen), with 16:9 (a.k.a. Widescreen) now the standard for HDTV. In digital images, there is a distinction with the Storage Aspect Ratio (SAR), which is the ratio of pixel dimensions. If an image is displayed with square pixels, then these ratios agree; if not, then non-square, "rectangular" pixels are used, and these ratios disagree. The aspect ratio of the pixels themselves is known as the ''Pixel Aspect Ratio'' (PAR) – for square pixels this is 1:1 – and these are related by the identity: :SAR × PAR = DAR. Rearranging (solving for PAR) yields: :PAR = DAR/SAR. For example, a 640 × 480 VGA image has a SAR of 640/480 = 4:3, and if displayed on a 4:3 display (DAR = 4:3) has square pixels, hence a PAR of 1:1. By contrast, a 720 × 576 D-1 PAL image has a SAR of 720/576 = 5:4, but is displayed on a 4:3 display (DAR = 4:3). In analog images such as film there is no notion of pixel, nor notion of SAR or PAR, but in the ''digitization'' of analog images the resulting digital image has pixels, hence SAR (and accordingly PAR, if displayed at the same aspect ratio as the original). Non-square pixels arise often in early digital TV standards, related to digitalization of analog TV signals – whose vertical and "effective" horizontal resolutions differ and are thus best described by non-square pixels – and also in some digital videocameras and computer display modes, such as Color Graphics Adapter (CGA). Today they arise also in transcoding between resolutions with different SARs. Actual displays do not generally have non-square pixels, though digital sensors might; they are rather a mathematical abstraction used in resampling images to convert between resolutions. There are several complicating factors in understanding PAR, particularly as it pertains to digitization of analog video: * First, analog video does not have pixels, but rather a raster scan, and thus has a well-defined vertical resolution (the lines of the raster), but not a well-defined ''horizontal'' resolution, since each line is an analog signal. However, by a standardized sampling rate, the effective horizontal resolution can be determined by the sampling theorem, as is done below. * Second, due to overscan, some of the lines at the top and bottom of the raster are not visible, as are some of the possible image on the left and right – see Overscan: Analog to digital resolution issues. Also, the resolution may be rounded (DV NTSC uses 480 lines, rather than the 486 that are possible). * Third, analog video signals are ''interlaced'' – each image (frame) is sent as two "fields", each with ''half'' the lines. Thus pixels are either twice as tall as they would be without interlacing, or the image is deinterlaced. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「NOTE:''Picture aspect ratio,'' ''display aspect ratio,'' and ''image aspect ratio'' all redirect to Aspect ratio (image). However, Picture Aspect Ratio is more likely to be confused with Pixel Aspect Ratio, since both can be abbreviated in to PAR.-->Pixel aspect ratio (often abbreviated PAR) is a mathematical ratio that describes how the width of a pixel in a digital image compares to the height of that pixel.Most digital imaging systems display an image as a grid of tiny, square pixels. However, some imaging systems, especially those that must be compatible with standard-definition television motion pictures, display an image as a grid of rectangular pixels, in which the pixel width and height are different. Pixel Aspect Ratio describes this difference.Use of pixel aspect ratio mostly involves pictures pertaining to standard-definition television and some other exceptional cases. Most other imaging systems, including those that comply with SMPTE standards and practices, use square pixels.== Introduction ==The ratio of the width to the height of an image is known as the aspect ratio, or more precisely the Display Aspect Ratio (DAR) – the aspect ratio of the image ''as displayed;'' for TV, DAR was traditionally 4:3 (a.k.a. Fullscreen), with 16:9 (a.k.a. Widescreen) now the standard for HDTV. In digital images, there is a distinction with the Storage Aspect Ratio (SAR), which is the ratio of pixel dimensions. If an image is displayed with square pixels, then these ratios agree; if not, then non-square, "rectangular" pixels are used, and these ratios disagree. The aspect ratio of the pixels themselves is known as the ''Pixel Aspect Ratio'' (PAR) – for square pixels this is 1:1 – and these are related by the identity::SAR × PAR = DAR.Rearranging (solving for PAR) yields::PAR = DAR/SAR.For example, a 640 × 480 VGA image has a SAR of 640/480 = 4:3, and if displayed on a 4:3 display (DAR = 4:3) has square pixels, hence a PAR of 1:1. By contrast, a 720 × 576 D-1 PAL image has a SAR of 720/576 = 5:4, but is displayed on a 4:3 display (DAR = 4:3).In analog images such as film there is no notion of pixel, nor notion of SAR or PAR, but in the ''digitization'' of analog images the resulting digital image has pixels, hence SAR (and accordingly PAR, if displayed at the same aspect ratio as the original).Non-square pixels arise often in early digital TV standards, related to digitalization of analog TV signals – whose vertical and "effective" horizontal resolutions differ and are thus best described by non-square pixels – and also in some digital videocameras and computer display modes, such as Color Graphics Adapter (CGA). Today they arise also in transcoding between resolutions with different SARs.Actual displays do not generally have non-square pixels, though digital sensors might; they are rather a mathematical abstraction used in resampling images to convert between resolutions.There are several complicating factors in understanding PAR, particularly as it pertains to digitization of analog video:* First, analog video does not have pixels, but rather a raster scan, and thus has a well-defined vertical resolution (the lines of the raster), but not a well-defined ''horizontal'' resolution, since each line is an analog signal. However, by a standardized sampling rate, the effective horizontal resolution can be determined by the sampling theorem, as is done below.* Second, due to overscan, some of the lines at the top and bottom of the raster are not visible, as are some of the possible image on the left and right – see Overscan: Analog to digital resolution issues. Also, the resolution may be rounded (DV NTSC uses 480 lines, rather than the 486 that are possible).* Third, analog video signals are ''interlaced'' – each image (frame) is sent as two "fields", each with ''half'' the lines. Thus pixels are either twice as tall as they would be without interlacing, or the image is deinterlaced.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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